Table 4: The Order Clostridiales
|
| Species |
Location |
Morphology |
- Temperature
- (optimum, °C)
|
- pH Range
- (Optimum)
|
Metabolism |
Electron Donor |
Electron Acceptor |
Comments |
Ref. |
| Clostridium fervidus |
Hot spring, New Zealand |
Rods; 2-3 micrometers long; motile; spherical spores |
- 37-80
- (68)
|
- 5.5-9
- (7-7.5)
|
O |
Yeast extract; tryptone; pyruvate; glucose; xylan; starch; maltose |
Organics |
Main fermentation end products are acetate, H2, CO2 |
- Patel et al. (1987)
|
| Desulfotomaculum alkaliphilum |
Mixed cow/pig manure, Moscow region, Russia |
Curved, oval-ended rods; 3-3.5 micrometers long; endospores; non-motile |
- 25-58
- (50-55)
|
- 8-9.15
- (8.6-8.7)
|
M |
H2; acetate; formate; ethanol; pyruvate |
SO4(2-); SO3(2-); S2O3(2-) |
Carbonate required for growth |
Pikuta et al. (2000) |
| Desulfotomaculum nigrificans |
|
Rods; 3-6 micrometers; motile; endospores |
- 40-60
- (55)
|
- nd
- (7.3)
|
M |
H2 + acetate; pyruvate; lactate; ethanol |
SO4(2-); SO3(2-); S2O3(2-) |
Originally described as Clostridium nigrificans |
Starkey et al. (1937) |
| Desulfotomaculum putei |
2.7km below surface; Taylorsville, Triassic Basin, Virginia |
Rods; 2-5 micrometers; motile; oval; paracentral spores |
- 40-60
- (64)
|
- 6-7.9
- (7-7.9)
|
M |
H2; acetate; formate; ethanol; methanol; lactate; glucose |
SO4(2-); SO3(2-); S2O3(2-) |
No electron acceptor required when grown on glucose |
Liu et al. (1997) |
| Desulfotomaculum luciae |
2.7km below surface; Taylorsville, Triassic Basin, Virginia |
Rods; 1-3 micrometers; motile; spherical; central endospores |
- 40-60
- (nd)
|
- 6.3-7.8
- (nd)
|
M |
H2; acetate; formate; ethanol; lactate |
SO4(2-); S2O3(2-) |
No electron acceptor required when grown on pyruvate or lactate |
Liu et al. (1997) |
| Desulfotomaculum thermocisternum |
Oil reservoir, 2.6km below sea floor, North Sea |
Straight rods, single or in pairs; 2-5.2 micrometers; motile; central endospores |
- 41-75
- (62)
|
- 6.2-8.9
- (6.7)
|
M |
H2; acetate; pyruvate; propionate; butyrate; various fatty acids |
SO4(2-); SO3(2-); S2O3(2-) |
Biotin required as growth factor |
Nilsen et al. (1996) |
