Table 4: The Order Clostridiales
|
| Species |
Location |
Morphology |
- Temperature
- (optimum, °C)
|
- pH Range
- (Optimum)
|
Metabolism |
Electron Donor |
Electron Acceptor |
Comments |
Ref. |
| Desulfotomaculum thermosapovorans |
Mixed compost, containing rice hulls and peanut shells |
Straight or slightly curved rods; 5-8 micrometers; motile; central spores |
- 35-60
- (50)
|
- nd
- (7.2-7.5)
|
M |
H2; formate; butyrate; valerate; further fatty acids; organic acids; alcohols |
SO4(2-); SO3(2-); S2O3(2-) |
Vitamins required for growth |
- Fardeau et al. (1995)
|
| Thermobrachium celere |
Warm and hot springs, North and South America, Europe, Africa, New Zealand |
Rods; 1.5-14 micrometers long; tumbling motility |
- 37-75
- (62-66)
|
- 5-9.7
- (8)
|
O |
Yeast extract; glucose; sucrose; fructose; galactose; maltose |
Organics |
Fermentation products are CO2, H2, acetate, formate; and ethanol |
Engle et al. (1996) |
| Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans |
Hot swamp, Kunashir Island, Kurils |
Slightly curved rods; 1.3-2.4 micrometers long; motile |
- 40-78
- (70-72)
|
- 6.4-7.7
- (6.8-7)
|
C |
H20 |
CO |
H2 and CO2 are formed |
Svetlichny et al. (1991) |
| Thermoanaerobacter siderophilus |
Hot spring, Karymsky Volcano, Kamtchatka, Russia |
Straight to curved rods; 3.5-9 micrometers; sometimes in chains; motile; endospores |
- 39-78
- (69-71)
|
- 4.8-8.2
- (6.3-6.5)
|
C,M |
H2; starch; peptone; yeast extract; beef extract; glycerol; pyruvate; sugars |
Fe(3+) (products: magnetite, siderite); SO3(2-); S2O3(2-); S0 |
|
Slobodkin et al. (1999) |
| Thermoanaerobacter wiegelii |
Hot spring, Government Gardens, Rotorua, New Zealand |
Rods; 4-10 micrometers; round; terminal endospores |
- 38-78
- (65-68)
|
- 5.5-7.2
- (6.8)
|
O |
Various saccharides (mono-, di-, poly-) |
Organics |
Metabolic end products are ethanol, lactate, acetate, CO2; H2 |
Cook et al. (1996) |
| Thermoanaerobacter brockii |
Hot spring, Yellowstone National Park |
Single rods or chains; sometimes filamentous; non-motile; no spores |
- 40-80
- (70)
|
- 5.5-9.5
- (7.5)
|
O |
Starch; maltose; glucose; lactose; sucrose; cellobiose |
Organics |
Formerly Thermoanaerobium brockii |
Zeikus et al. (1979), Lee et al. (1993) |
