Table 4: The Order Clostridiales
|
| Species |
Location |
Morphology |
- Temperature
- (optimum, °C)
|
- pH Range
- (Optimum)
|
Metabolism |
Electron Donor |
Electron Acceptor |
Comments |
Ref. |
| Thermoanaerovibrio velox |
Cyanobacterial mat, Kamchatka, Russia |
Curved rods; 2.5-3.0 micrometer long; motile |
- 45-70
- (60-65)
|
- 4.5-8
- (7.3)
|
O, M |
H2; glucose; fructose, mannose; N-acetyl-D-glucosamine; adonite; arginine; serine; peptone; yeast extract |
S(0); Organics |
Fermentation products are acetate, lactate, H2; CO2; ethanol |
- Zavarzina et al. (2000)
|
| Thermoanaerovibrio acidaminovorans |
Methanogenic digester |
Curved rods; motile |
- 40-58
- (55)
|
- 6.5-8.1
- (nd)
|
O |
Amino acids |
Organics |
Acetate and propionate are fermentation end products |
Guangsheng et al. (1992), Baena et al. (1999) |
| Thermoanaerobacterium xylanolyticum |
Octopus Spring, Yellowstone National Park |
Straight rods; >2 micrometers long; form filaments; motile |
- 55-75
- (60)
|
- 4-7.6
- (5.5-6.5)
|
O |
Xylan; pectin; ploygalacturonose; various sugars; starch |
Organics |
Ethanol, H2, CO2, lactate, acetate are fermentation products |
Lee et al. (1993) |
| Thermoterrabacterium ferrireducens |
Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park and New Zealand |
Straight to slightly curved rods; 1.6-2.7 micrometers long; single or in pairs |
- 50-74
- (65)
|
- 5.5-7.6
- (6-6.2)
|
M |
Glycerol; lactate; 1,2-propanediol; glycerate; pyruvate; yeast extract; H2; glucose; fructose; mannose |
Fe(III); 9,10-anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid; fumarate; S2O3(2-) |
Cells covered by layer of electron dense material |
Slobodkin et al. (1997b) |
| Moorella glycerini |
Calcite Spring, Yellowstone National Park |
Rods; 3-6.5 micrometers long; tumbling motility; terminal endospores |
- 43-65
- (58)
|
- 5.9-7.8
- (6.3-6.5)
|
O |
Glycerol; glucose; fructose; mannose; yeast extract; various organic acids |
Fumarate; succinate; S2O3(2-) |
Acetate is fermentation product |
Slobodkin et al. (1997a) |
| Thermicanus aegypticus |
Oxic soil, Egypt |
Rods; S-layer; .5 by 2.5 micrometers; motile |
- 37-65
- (55-60)
|
- 5.5-7.7
- (6.5-7)
|
O |
Various sugars; organic acids under oxig conditions |
Organics |
Microaerophilic; products of fermentation are acetate, succinate, ethanol; formate, lactate, H2 |
Gossner et al. (1999) |
