Table 4: The Order Clostridiales
|
| Species |
Location |
Morphology |
- Temperature
- (optimum, °C)
|
- pH Range
- (Optimum)
|
Metabolism |
Electron Donor |
Electron Acceptor |
Comments |
Ref. |
| Ammonifex degensii |
Neutral hot spring |
Rods; motile |
- 57-77
- (70)
|
- 5-8
- (7.5)
|
C,O |
H2, formate |
NO3(-), SO4(2-), S(0) |
NO3(-) reduced to NH3, capable to ferment pyruvate |
- Huber et al.(1996)
|
| Anaerobranca horikoshii |
Hot springs, Yellowstone National Park |
Rods; 8-20 micrometers long; tumbling motility |
- 30-66
- (57)
|
- 6.5-10.3
- (8.5)
|
O |
Yeast extract, fumarate |
Organics |
Fumarate used only in the presence of yeast extract |
Engle et al. (1995) |
| Caldocellulosiruptor saccharolyticus |
Hot spring, Taupo, New Zealand |
Rods; single or in pairs; 3-4 micrometers long |
- 45-80
- (70)
|
- 5.5-8.0
- (7.0)
|
O |
Various sugars; cellulose; avicell; glycogen; guar gum; pectin |
Organics |
Products of fermentation are acetate and lactate |
Rainey et al. (1994) |
| Caldocellulosiruptor krisjanssonii |
Slighly alkaline hot spring, Iceland |
Rods; single; in pairs or in short chains |
- 50-82
- (78)
|
- 5.8-8.0
- (7.0)
|
O |
Avicel; cellobiose; dextrin; pectin; starch; xylan; xylose |
Organics |
Strictly anaerobic; fermentation end products are acetic acid, H2, CO2 |
Bredholt et al. (1999) |
| Caldocellulosiruptor owensensis |
Sediment from Owens Lake, California |
Heterogeneous rods and filaments; non-motile |
- 50-80
- (75)
|
- 5.5-9.0
- (7.5)
|
O |
Cellulose; dextrin; pectin; glycogen; xylan; sugars; starch |
Organics |
Fermentation products are acetate, lactate, ethanol, H2, CO2 |
Huang et al. (1998) |
| Anaerobaculum thermoterrenum |
Production water of petroleum reservoir |
Straight to slightly curved rods with sheath; non-motile |
- 28-60
- (55)
|
- 5.5-8.6
- (7-7.6)
|
O |
Organic acids; starch; glutamate; sugars; protein extract; casamino acids; pectin |
Organics |
|
Rees et al. (1997) |
